Simply Quran

Tajwīd Class Thumbnail

Lesson 7: Sifaat Aridah | The Rules Concerning ن and م

Table of Contents

The Sifat

Ṣifāt is the plural of ṣifah. Literally, it means qualities or characteristics. Technically, ṣifāt are those characteristics affixed to the pronunciation of a letter whether intrinsic or circumstantial.

 

Download PDF

Download Exercise PDF

The Ṣifāt ʿĀriḍah

These characteristics are temporary i.e. sometimes they are found in a letter and sometimes they are not. They are all 11 in number:

1. Iṭḥ-hār

2. Idghām

3. Iqlāb

4. Ikhfāʾ

5. Tafkhīm

6. Tarqīq

7. Madd

8. Qaṣr

9. Ḥarakāt

10. Sukūn

11. Sak

THE RULES CONCERNING THE NŪN ن AND THE MĪM (م)

If the ن or the م are mushaddadah, they will be read with ghunnah (a nasal sound). Example- إنّ,

THE MĪM SĀKINAH

The mīm sākinah has three rules: ْ

1.  Ikhfāʾ.

2. Idghām.

2 ِ Iṭḥ-hār

IKHFĀʾ

Ikhfāʾ – It literally means to conceal or hide. If a bāʾ follows the mīm sākinah م then ikhfāʾ will take place; the م will be covered and it will be read with ghunnah. Example- تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ مِّن سِجِّيلٍ

NOTE: Shafa means lips. Shafawiyyi would refer to a labial pronunciation. It is called because the م is pronounced from the lips.

IDGHĀM

Idghām – It literally means to assimilate or incorporate. If the mīm sākinah م is followed by another م (idghām will take place i.e. the first mīm م will be assimilated into the second mīm م and it will be read with ghunnah. Example- أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ

IṬḤ-HĀR

Iṭḥ-hār – It literally means to make clear or apparent. If the mīm sākinah م is followed by any letter beside the bāʾ of ikhfāʾ or the mīm (م) (of idghām) then iṭḥ-hār will take place i.e. the mīm م will be read clearly without any extra ghunnah (nasal pull) in it. Example- ٱلْحَمْدُ

 

 

 

 

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Recent Posts

Lesson 10: Waqf and Its Rules

Lesson 10: Waqf and Its Rules

Waqf Previous qurrāʾ would use the terms waqf, qaṭʿ and sakt synonymously. With time they,…