By the end of this lesson
- Hold natural madd for exactly two counts
- Recognise the main secondary madds
- Apply the correct length for each
Natural madd (madd ṭabīʻī) is the long vowel from Qaida lesson 6: two counts. A madd becomes longer when it's followed by a hamzah or a sukūn. Lengths below follow Ḥafṣ ʻan ʻĀṣim by way of ash-Shāṭibiyyah, as printed in most mushafs.
| Madd | Cause | Counts | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ṭabīʻī (natural) | No hamzah or sukūn after | 2 | قَالَ |
| Muttaṣil (joined) | Hamzah after it in the same word | 4 or 5 | جَآءَ · ٱلسَّمَآءِ |
| Munfaṣil (separated) | Hamzah at the start of the next word | 4 or 5 | إِنَّآ أَعْطَيْنَٰكَ · يَٰٓأَيُّهَا |
| Lāzim (necessary) | A permanent sukūn or shaddah after it | 6 | ٱلضَّآلِّينَ · الٓمٓ |
| ʻĀriḍ lis-sukūn | Sukūn only because you stop | 2, 4 or 6 | ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ · نَسْتَعِينُ (at a stop) |
| Līn | Soft wāw or yāʼ before a stopping sukūn | 2, 4 or 6 | قُرَيْشٍ · خَوْفٍ (at a stop) |
| Badal (substitute) | Hamzah before the madd letter | 2 | ءَامَنُوا |
PracticeWhich madd, and how long?
جَآءَShow answer
Muttaṣil: 4 or 5
وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَShow answer
Lāzim: 6
بِمَآ أُنزِلَShow answer
Munfaṣil: 4 or 5
ٱلرَّحِيمِ (at a stop)Show answer
ʻĀriḍ lis-sukūn: 2, 4 or 6
ءَامَنُواShow answer
Badal: 2