By the end of this lesson
- Apply iẓhār, idghām, iqlāb and ikhfāʼ
- Know the letters of each rule
- Hold ghunnah for two counts
| Rule | Letters after | What happens | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iẓhār (clear) | ء ه ع ح غ خ | Nūn said clearly, no extra ghunnah | مَنْ ءَامَنَ · عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ |
| Idghām with ghunnah | ي ن م و | Merge into the next letter, with 2-count ghunnah | مَن يَعْمَلْ · خَيْرًا يَرَهُۥ |
| Idghām without ghunnah | ل ر | Merge completely, no ghunnah | مِن رَّبِّهِمْ · هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ |
| Iqlāb (change) | ب | Becomes a hidden mīm with ghunnah | مِنۢ بَعْدِ · سَمِيعٌۢ بَصِيرٌ |
| Ikhfāʼ (hiding) | the remaining 15 letters | Hidden, with ghunnah, tongue ready for the next letter | مِن شَرِّ · يُنفِقُونَ · أَنتُمْ |
PracticeWhich rule?
مِنْ خَوْفٍShow answer
Iẓhār (خ)
مِن نِّعْمَةٍShow answer
Idghām with ghunnah (ن)
أَنۢبِئْهُمShow answer
Iqlāb (ب)
مِن قَبْلُShow answer
Ikhfāʼ (ق)
غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌShow answer
Idghām without ghunnah (ر)